Latest Articles

  1. Original research

    The establishment of Chemical Reference Substances for Molnupiravir and Favipiravir

    Duong T., Nam T., Phuong M., Nguyen H., Thang P., Tran V. H.
    Currently, scientists around the world are testing different compounds to find those that have the potential to aid in the treatment and recovery of COVID-19 patients. Favipiravir and Molnupiravir are two antiviral compounds commonly used to treat COVID-19 for mild and moderate patients in 5-7 days in Vietnam and some countries around the world. Preliminary clinical trials are positive, including significant reductions in hospitalization rates and mortality from COVID-19. These drugs are currently in the experimental phase, so no official chemical reference standard exists. That is why drug quality control studies are critical. The article studies establishing chemical comparators of Molnupiravir and Favipiravir to test drug quality in experimental studies. Modern methods such as infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are used in combination to evaluate the purity and quality of the drug. These compounds were then evaluated for homogeneity and assigned values to establish a reference substance based on ISO 17034:2017, World Health Organization Annex 3 (WHO technical series 943: 2007) combines suitable statistical methods to assess interlaboratory homogeneity ISO 13528:2015.
    Published: 2022-08-13393-402
  2. Narrative review

    Changes in definition and pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: A review

    Trí N.,ễn Mai Dươn., Yến N.ễn T.ị
    Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication in preterm neonates, especially extremely preterm. However, effective prevention strategies and treatment methods are still being explored. Although the concept of BPD emerged a few decades ago, a consensus definition has not been established globally yet. The syndrome of BPD was introduced by Northway in 1967. With constant changes and improvements in newborn care and understanding about its pathogenesis, the definition of BPD has been changing and updated accordingly. NICHD (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) first published the classification of BDP severity based on the level of required oxygen in 2001. Seventeen years later, in 2018, a new grading system was proposed to include new ventilation support methods. Unified diagnosis criteria and severity classification are important to facilitate consistent diagnosis between centers. Besides, understanding of BPD pathogenesis suggests antenatal risk factors such as genetic factors, intrauterine growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, inflammation, smoking during pregnancy; as well as postnatal risk factors such as oxygen toxicity, inflammation, moderate to large patent ductus arteriosus. Identification of these risk factors provides evidence for more effective treatment methods. This review describes the evolution of definitions, influence of lung development on BPD, and pathogenesis factors associated with BPD.
    Published: 2022-06-30378-392
  3. Original research

    The correlation between refractive status and changes in higher-order aberration after small incision lenticule extraction for myopia and myopic astigmatism correction

    Tran B., Le T., Phan M.
    Small incision lenticule extraction results in good visual outcome, however still induces increase of higher-order aberration, especially in patients with high refraction.
    Published: 2022-05-31363-368
  4. Original research

    Neuroprotective effects of Bouea macrophylla leaf extract against amyloid-beta peptide-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells

    Nguyen A., Ha N., Dương H., Nguyễn Hồn., Vo G.
    Purpose: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, which is thought to be caused by the abnormal buildup of proteins including amyloid-beta (A) in and around brain cells. In efforts to discover new strategies for AD therapy, natural products have aroused interest in the research community and in the pharmaceutical industry for their neuroprotective activity, targeting different pathological mechanisms associated with AD. A wide variety of natural products from different origins have been evaluated preclinically and clinically for their neuroprotective mechanisms in preventing and attenuating the multifactorial pathologies of AD. Our initial previous study demonstrated the chemical constituents from the leaves of the Bouea macrophylla Griff (B. macrophylla) could serve as source of bioactive compounds with potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. However, their neuroprotective effects on A-induced cytotoxicity has not been described yet. Methods: In our continuing search for bioactive from the leaves of B. macrophylla, we herein describe its cytotoxicity against a neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) anti-A aggregation potential, and neuroprotective potential. Results: Thioflavin T assay revealed that the inhibition potential of ethanolic extract was 60.65% at 50 μg/mL compared to the positive control group (p < 0.05), while neuroprotective effects were elaborated against Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cells at 25 μg/mL. In order to validate these neuroprotective effects, the ethanol extract revealed reductions in the intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) level in H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells and mitochondrial dysfunctions in Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cells at 25 μg/mL. Consclusions: The overall results have provided scientific insights of utilizing B. macrophylla as a potential anti-Aβ and neuroprotection agent containing secondary metabolites which may be pharmacologically relevant.
    Published: 2022-05-31369-377
  5. Narrative review

    Podocytes – potential biomarker for early diagnosis of pre-eclampsia

    Ngô T.,ỳ Trần Dũn.
    Pre-eclampsia is a medical complication in pregnancy that occurs in about 5% of pregnant women, after the 20th week of gestation. This complication causes serious health effects on pregnant women, even death in both those women and their fetuses. Pre-eclampsia patients are characterized by gestational hypertension associated with proteinuria and histological evidence of glomerular injury. Many reports suggested certain biomarkers of pre-eclampsia, including a decreased VEGF (Vascular Epithelial Growth Factor) level or an increased sFlt-1 (VEGF receptor) level in serum, which is related to an increase in the risk of this issue. Pre-eclampsia might be associated with an increased risk of several kidney diseases for many years following diagnosis with this issue. Evidence showed that women with a history of pre-eclampsia might have a higher risk of kidney diseases such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) than women with healthy pregnancies. Other studies showed that podocytes might be involved in glomerular lesions in pre-eclampsia patients. Podocytes are specialized epithelial cells located on the surface of the glomerular capillary, which is part of the glomerular filter membrane along with the endothelial cells and the glomerular basement membrane. Podocytes have a responsibility to ensure the glomerular membrane’s selective permeability. Some methods recently are being developed to detect the podocytes in urine samples such as immunohistochemistry, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT – PCR), suggesting the potential application of those cells as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. This review summarized the evidence about the role of podocytes in the pathological mechanism of pre-eclampsia, the risk of chronic kidney diseases as well as the potential predictive value of podocytes in the early diagnosis of pre-eclampsia.
    Published: 2022-05-31352-362
  6. Case Reports

    Symptomatic colonic lipoma: Report of two cases in Binh Dan Hospital

    Pham P., Nguyen H., Vu A., Tran H.
    Colonic lipomas are benign tumors resulting from the proliferation of mature fat cells. Gastrointestinal lipomas are rare, often asymptomatic, and most are detected through diagnostic imaging devices such as colonoscopy and abdominal-pelvic computed tomography. Lipomas of the colon were first reported by Bauer in 1757 and are most often located in the ascending colon near cecum. Approximately 90% of colonic lipomas are located in the submucosa. The remainder of these tumors is intramucosal in origin. The reported incidence of colonic lipoma ranges from 0,2% to 4,4%. These fatty tumors are rarely greater than 2 cm in size and are rarely symptomatic. Lipomas that grow more than 4 cm in size can lead to obstruction and intussusception requiring surgical or endoscopic resection. Colonic lipomas may be challenging to diagnose as they may be asymptomatic for a long time or misdiagnosed as other's conditions. Atypical etiologies of intestinal obstruction should be considered in patients with persistent intermittent abdominal discomfort. Even though benign, some abdominal tumor conditions may be presented as cases of emergency care. Symptomatic colonic lipomas can be managed by endoscopy or surgery. Polypectomy through endoscopy is the treatment choice for lipomas considered of low complication risk. These are lipomas with less than 2 cm diameter or pedunculated lipomas with a thin tail. When greater than 2 cm, surgery represents the standard therapeutic option for lipomas. In this report, we present two cases of symptomatic colonic lipomas: one case of splenic flexure lipoma and one case of lipoma in the sigmoid colon. Both cases have been noted with intestinal obstruction. Those two patients performed laparoscopic colectomy. The operation and post-operative recovery were satisfactory. Both of the patients were discharged after taking seven days of post-operative care. Through this article, we would like to introduce the incidence, clinical features, diagnostic facilities, and surgical treatment of this benign tumor.
    Published: 2022-04-30346-351
  7. Original research

    Prevalence of medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at outpatient clinics, Thong Nhat hospital, Ho Chi Minh City

    Nguyên T.,ươn., Vy Lê Quỳnh Bùi Hiền P.ạm
    Medication adherence plays important role in diabetes mellitus treatment.
    Published: 2022-04-18338-345
  8. Original research

    Preparation of rutin loaded niosome by ethanol injection method

    Nguyen-Truong T., Le Q., Tran T.
    Rutin has low bioavailability due to its high molecular weight and low solubility. Rutin loaded niosome is a promising solution but according to our knowledge, there is no publication about this study in both internal and international journal. This study is aim to formulate rutin loaded niosome with appropriate parameters. Rutin loaded niosome was prepared by ethanol injection method. Briefly, 45 experiments were carried out by varying the cholesterol:span 20 ratio (mol:mol), mixing temperature (40-50-60 oC), mixing time (30-40-50 minutes). These formulations were characterized in term of morphology (observation by optical microscope) and drug loading efficiency. Microscope images were used to exclude the formulations without niosome. The niosome formulations were than characterized their encapsulation efficiency by UV-Vis method. In this research, niosome was created in 7 formulations having encapsulation efficiency from 5.5% to 15.7%. The selected formulation was prepared with cholesterol:span 20 ratio of 3:7 with the formulation parameters of 40 minutes mixing time and 50 oC mixing temperature.
    Published: 2021-12-31330-337
  9. Original research

    Study on collagen type 11A1 and collagen type 4A1 expression in neuroblastoma

    Luu Thi Phuong T., Bui B.
    Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common cause of solid cancer-related high death in children. Previous research shows that tumor microenvironment that involved Collagen that plays an important as heterogeneous role in its tumor microenvironment remodeling. However, less study has been described the collagen expression in the NB. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the expression of two prominent collagens (COL11A1 and COL4A1) which can be express abnormally in the NB cancer cohort in Vietnam.
    Published: 2021-12-26289-297
  10. Original research

    Application of the Beck Depression Inventory – II, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale và Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index on student of School of Medicine – Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City: a pilot study

    Nguyễn Ân Nguyen N., Bui M., Le M., Vo N., Hoang N., Chung N., Nguyen D.
    The study aims to applicate of the Beck Depression Inventory - II (BDI-II), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) on medical students.
    Published: 2021-12-26323-329

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